Combining several systems also influences the environmental impacts. First, the material inventory of the integrated system is compiled. The quantities as well as the data on the environmental impacts can be taken from the individual reports. In order to ensure a common data basis, the values for fly ash, cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and reinforcement have been adjusted. All the data only describes the manufacturing and installation phase of the system, according to the life cycle phases of buildings (A1-A5).
The below table presents the material inventory:
For the calculation of the life cycle analysis of the section of the school building the dimensions from the following drawing were used:
Figure 9: Dimensions of a School Building.
For the whole calculation refer to the R script. Design option 4 has emerged as the best choice in terms of performance regarding costs and environmental impacts. Design option 1, on the other hand, has the highest environmental impacts and costs, followed by options 2 and 3. These results show that option 4 is the most efficient and sustainable option, maximizing efficiency and effectiveness as well as minimizing the carbon footprint and energy consumption.
Figure 10: Energy consumption and GHG emission results for the integrated design options.
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