Development of System Alternatives
The three models external wall, elevator and garage are integrated into the main system, the multi-storey building. The models were slightly modified and abstracted to turn them into one single coordinated model.
The parametric model is supposed to react and adapt to different utilizations, such as private and public. For instance apartment houses, schools, hospitals, hangars as well as offices spaces. The global parameters were chosen by their influence on the building and the high performance criteria. For each utilization, appropriate numerical data properties of area per person, available lot area, number of people using the building, windows spacing, garage elevation, shape of the windows, story height and wall type were selected. These properties have a high influence on the high performance criteria total costs, summer thermal insulation and stability. Some criteria such as the ramp integration of the garage are fixed. Only the elevation of the ramp depends on the level of parking. Additionally, there are no windows in the elevator shaft or the garage.
First System Alternative
The first alternative generates a building with a public school as its utilization. The following data properties were selected:
- Available lot area: 1000 m²
- Capacity: 350 students and 50 teachers
- Spacing: 5 m²/person
- Window shape: round
- Window spacing: 4 m
- Floor height: 4 m
- Wall type: 1 – bricks
- Garage Elevation: -4 with about 20 parking spaces
- Amount of Elevators: 1
With these properties the high performance criteria were fulfilled as followed:
- Total costs for envelope: 346,596 €
- Summer thermal insulation: 0.08 < 0.12 (HPC fulfilled)
- Stability h/b: 0.64 < 2.5 (HPC fulfilled)
- Stability A/h: 31.25 > 5.5 (HPC fulfilled)
Second System Alternative
The first alternative generates a building with an office as its utilization. The following data properties were selected:
- Available lot area: 1500 m²
- Capacity: 600 workers
- Spacing: 5 m²/person
- Window shape: rectangle
- Window spacing: 3 m
- Floor height: 5 m
- Wall type: 2 – bricks
- Garage Elevation: -12 with about 200 parking spaces
- Amount of Elevators: 4
With these properties the high performance criteria were fulfilled as followed:
- Total costs for envelope: 1,273,245 €
- Summer thermal insulation: 0.39 < 0.68 (HPC fulfilled)
- Stability h/b: 2 < 2.5 (HPC fulfilled)
- Stability A/h: 10 > 5.5 (HPC fulfilled)
Third System Alternative
The first alternative generates a building with apartments as its utilization. The following data properties were selected:
- Available lot area: 150 m²
- Capacity: 50 tenants
- Spacing: 22.5 m²/person
- Window shape: rectangle
- Window spacing: 3 m
- Floor height: 3 m
- Wall type: 3 – reinforced concrete
- Garage Elevation: -4 with about 15 parking spaces
- Amount of Elevators: 1
With these properties the high performance criteria were fulfilled as followed:
- Total costs for envelope: 316,816 €
- Summer thermal insulation: 1,566 < 0.12 (HPC not fulfilled)
- Stability h/b: 2.88 < 2.5 (HPC not fulfilled)
- Stability A/h: 2.08 > 5.5 (HPC fulfilled)